{"id":19314,"date":"2018-02-20T16:50:18","date_gmt":"2018-02-20T06:20:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/?p=19314"},"modified":"2024-01-02T16:57:38","modified_gmt":"2024-01-02T07:27:38","slug":"solar-panels-flat-roof","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-panels-flat-roof\/","title":{"rendered":"Installing Solar Panels On A Flat Roof &#8212; All The Angles Covered"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"attachment_19370\" style=\"width: 970px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19370\" class=\"wp-image-19370 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/solar-on-a-flat-roof.jpg\" alt=\"flat roof solar panels\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/solar-on-a-flat-roof.jpg 960w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/solar-on-a-flat-roof-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/solar-on-a-flat-roof-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19370\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beautifully installed frameless solar panels on an almost flat (3\u00ba N) roof. Photo credit: <a href=\"https:\/\/business.gippslandsolar.com.au\">Gippsland Solar<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>If you are checking out this article because you are planning to put solar panels on a flat roof, then odds are you&#8217;re looking to install a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/commercial-solar-guide.html\">commercial solar system<\/a>.\u00a0 While there are homes with flat roofs, they&#8217;re not nearly as common as flat business roofs.\u00a0 But whether it&#8217;s for a home or a business the basic principles of installing on a flat roof are the same.\u00a0 It&#8217;s just that commercial systems tend to be a lot larger.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The good news is there is nothing particularly complicated or difficult about installing solar panels on a flat roof.\u00a0 The bad news is you will either want tilt racks or special frameless panels and these will generally add a little to the cost compared to a standard installation on a sloped roof.\u00a0 But don&#8217;t worry, it won&#8217;t come to nearly enough to prevent flat roof solar being an excellent investment.<\/p>\n<p>In this article I&#8217;ll go over:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Why conventional, framed panels shouldn&#8217;t be installed flat.<\/li>\n<li>The difference between penetrating and ballasted solar panel tilt racks.<\/li>\n<li>The effect of tilt on output.<\/li>\n<li>The best direction to face panels.<\/li>\n<li>Different ways to space solar panels.<\/li>\n<li>How panels can help keep buildings cool.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Don&#8217;t Lay Regular Solar Panels Flat<\/h2>\n<p>The easiest way to install solar panels on a flat roof may appear to be to lay them flat out like a lizard drinking, but this can result in your lizard getting very dirty indeed.\u00a0 Usually rain alone is enough to keep solar panels clean on a typical sloped roof because rainwater will flow off them, carrying away dirt.\u00a0 But when panels lie flat, water will pool on top of them and stay there after it stops raining.\u00a0 This water can collect dust and windborne debris, such as leaves, which will stay behind when the water evaporates.\u00a0 This means they don&#8217;t self clean well and can become very grubby.\u00a0 Google found the output of their flat panels was <a href=\"https:\/\/googleblog.blogspot.com.au\/2009\/07\/should-you-spring-clean-your-solar.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cut in half<\/a> after 15 months without a clean, while rain alone was enough to keep their tilted solar panels pretty pristine.<\/p>\n<p>To keep panels clean on a flat roof it is recommended they be installed in racks that tilt them at an angle of at least 10 degrees so rain can effectively wash them clean.\u00a0 Also, while good quality solar panels should be resistant to the effects of water, it\u2019s still not a good idea to let water pool on them so they soak longer than is necessary.<\/p>\n<h2>Frameless Panels Are Better At Low Angles<\/h2>\n<p>Most solar panels have an aluminium frame.\u00a0 This strengthens them, protects the edges from damage, and serves as an attachment point.\u00a0 But there are frameless ones and these can be useful if panels have to be installed with less than 10 degrees tilt.\u00a0 Without a raised frame at their edge it is easier for water to flow off them.\u00a0 If they are laid completely flat, some water will still collect on their surface, but not nearly as much.<\/p>\n<p>Manufacturers are looking at frameless panels in an effort to reduce costs, but at the moment most frameless solar panels are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/double-glass-glass-glass-bifacial-panels-hell\/\">double glass<\/a> and carry a considerable premium over conventional modules<sup class='endnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-panels-flat-roof\/#en-19314-1' id='enref-19314-1' onclick='return hhEndnotes_show(19314)'>1<\/a><\/sup>. Although when you consider these additional advantages of frameless solar panels, you may be persuaded to pay the premium:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>typically 0.5% warranted degradation per year compared to 0.7% for framed panels<\/li>\n<li>typically 30 year performance warranty instead of 25 years<\/li>\n<li>less risk of long-term performance issues by not having a plastic back sheet<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong><em>Update 16th October 2019:\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><em>Frameless panels can require yearly maintenance by a professional and this expense should be considered when determining if they are cost-effective. \u00a0For this reason &#8211; we have changed our advice. If you are going to install panels at a tilt under 10 degrees, we recommend <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-panels-water-channels\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">panels with drainage slots<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<h2>Flat Roofs May Not Be Completely Flat<\/h2>\n<p>It&#8217;s not unusual for roofs that look flat from the ground to have a slight tilt to prevent water pooling on them and this needs to be taken into account.\u00a0 North facing racks with a 10 degree tilt will actually only be at 9 degrees if the roof has a 1 degree tilt to the south.\u00a0 While this is unlikely to be disastrous, if it&#8217;s a 3 degree tilt to the south it&#8217;s time to consider frameless solar panels or steeper racks.<\/p>\n<h2>Ballasted Versus Penetrating Tilt Racks<\/h2>\n<p>There are currently two ways to attach solar panel tilt racks to flat roofs.\u00a0 The first is to hold them in place using screws or other fixtures that penetrate into the roof and the second is gravity.<\/p>\n<p>Because of cyclones, if you live outside of Wind Region A on the wind map below that I stole from the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sharkbay.wa.gov.au\/property\/building\/cyclonic-wind-design.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shire of Shark Bay<\/a>, then you can only use penetrating attachments to secure racks to a roof:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19333 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/windregions.png\" alt=\"wind regions - solar power\" width=\"947\" height=\"721\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/windregions.png 947w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/windregions-300x228.png 300w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/windregions-768x585.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>But if you live in Region A, which includes Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Perth, and Canberra, then you have the option of using ballasted tilt racks, which are simply weighted down so they won&#8217;t budge in strong winds.<\/p>\n<h2>Professional Penetration Is Not A Problem<\/h2>\n<p>Accredited solar panel installers are required to follow Australian standards and install penetrating tilt racks in ways that won&#8217;t result in leaks.\u00a0 If a leak does occur they have an obligation to return and remedy the problem.\u00a0 Almost all solar installations on sloped roofs involve penetration and it very rarely results in a problem.<\/p>\n<p>Unfortunately, there are a few installers who do not do professional work and\/or try to avoid their obligations when a problem arises.\u00a0 To avoid them you can use <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/quote\/\">SolarQuotes<\/a> to find installers who have been vetted by my boss, Finn, and can be trusted to do good work.\u00a0 This also applies if you are looking for someone to do a large scale commercial solar installation.<\/p>\n<h2>Ballasted Tilt Racks Can Be Used In Wind Region A<\/h2>\n<p>A ballasted tilt rack requires no roof penetrations and is simply held in place by weights.\u00a0 The weights are normally concrete, although I have seen pictures of some that can have their bases filled with water or sand.\u00a0 Because they don&#8217;t require any roof penetrations they are quite easy to install &#8212; provided you have a non-back-breaking way to get the weights up on the roof.<\/p>\n<p>Ballasted racks can be useful on some <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Membrane_roofing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">membrane roofs<\/a>, which can be problematic to penetrate.\u00a0 The roof will need to be able to support their weight.\u00a0 This is usually not a problem for homes, but is a consideration for commercial and industrial buildings and generally a structural engineer will need to give approval.\u00a0 To ensure security in strong winds they are usually only tilted at a 10 degree angle to reduce wind loading.\u00a0 In addition, they cannot be used in cyclone zones in Australia, but in hurricane prone Haiti they just use an awful lot of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.engineering.com\/ElectronicsDesign\/ElectronicsDesignArticles\/ArticleID\/5883\/Solar-Powered-Hospital.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">concrete blocks<\/a>:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19343\" style=\"width: 522px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19343\" class=\"wp-image-19343 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/panels.jpg\" alt=\"Solar power system with ballasted tilt racks\" width=\"512\" height=\"340\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/panels.jpg 512w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/panels-300x199.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 512px) 100vw, 512px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19343\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Australia ballasted tilt racks have less concrete and more aesthetics. (Image Credit: (engineering.com)<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Other Non-Penetrative Solar<\/h2>\n<p>If you are outside of Wind Region A and you don&#8217;t want to penetrate your roof or can&#8217;t, then your options are limited.\u00a0 While it is rarely done, it is possible to glue some panels in place, although if they are glued flat dirt build up will become a problem.\u00a0 It is possible to take an alternative approach, such as putting solar panels in the car park as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/usq-solar-power-project-mb0215\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">University of Southern Queensland<\/a> did:<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_19346\" style=\"width: 1908px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19346\" class=\"wp-image-19346 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/USQblobbytrees.jpg\" alt=\"Car park solar power system\" width=\"1898\" height=\"417\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/USQblobbytrees.jpg 1898w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/USQblobbytrees-300x66.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/USQblobbytrees-768x169.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/USQblobbytrees-1024x225.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1898px) 100vw, 1898px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-19346\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The University of Southern Queensland&#8217;s solar car park. You can tell it&#8217;s the University of Southern Queensland by the mutant blobby trees in the background. (Image Credit: USQ)<\/p><\/div>\n<h2>Solar Panel Tilt And Performance<\/h2>\n<p>With penetrative tilt racks, panels can be placed at the optimal angle for annual electricity generation.\u00a0 In Sydney this would be around 31 degrees while in Brisbane it would be a less steep 25 degrees.\u00a0 But to reduce the amount of wind loading it is common for solar panels to be placed at less of an angle less than this, with 15 degrees being common.\u00a0 Ballasted tilt racks have a 15 degree angle at most and more commonly 10 degrees.<\/p>\n<p>Fortunately, this doesn&#8217;t result in much lost performance.\u00a0 Panels in Brisbane at a 10 degree tilt will have their output reduced by less than 3% compared to the optimum tilt, while in Sydney, solar panels at 10 degrees will only produce around 5% less than optimum.<\/p>\n<h2>North Gives The Greatest Overall Output<\/h2>\n<p>A flat roof grants the freedom or orientate panels in any direction desired.\u00a0 Facing them north will result in the greatest overall generation, but it is possible to attempt to maximize self consumption of solar generated electricity by placing them facing east if electricity use is highest in the morning or west if it is highest in the afternoon.\u00a0 It is also possible to split solar panels between east and west.\u00a0 This will reduce overall output while making it a little more steady through the day.<\/p>\n<p>If panels in Sydney are tilted at only 10 degrees then ones that face east or west will average around 13% less output than north facing ones.\u00a0 But at such a low angle there will be very little shift in in when their peak output occurs.\u00a0 On average, east facing solar panels will have their maximum output around 40 minutes before noon while west facing ones will peak around 40 minutes after midday.<\/p>\n<p>My advice always is, unless you have a clear reason for doing otherwise, place them facing north and maximize the total number of kilowatt-hours generated.<\/p>\n<h2>Flat Roof Solar Panel Spacing<\/h2>\n<p>Normally solar panel tilt racks are spaced so they won&#8217;t shade each other in winter when shadows are the longest.\u00a0 But if panels that have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/maxim-just-killed-microinverter-dc-optimiser\/\">panel string optimization<\/a> are used they can be placed closer together, which will allow them to generate extra electricity in summer by making use of sunlight that otherwise would have fallen between the rows of panels.<\/p>\n<h2>Tilt Racks Are Cool&#8211;ing<\/h2>\n<p>Installing solar panels <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-air-conditioning-vs-heat-reflective-paint\/\">helps keep buildings cool<\/a> and reduces air conditioning costs.\u00a0 Panels in tilt racks can be slightly more effective at this because there is more room for air to circulate behind panels than ones mounted flush against a sloped roof.\u00a0 Because they are just a little bit cooler on average they generate slightly more electricity, but it&#8217;s not really enough to be noticeable.<\/p>\n<p>I will mention one more trick for reducing air conditioning costs using solar panels.\u00a0 This picture from Google Maps shows an Adelaide building with a rooftop solar power system:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-19356 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/coolmove.jpg\" alt=\"Solar panel layout - flat roof\" width=\"396\" height=\"793\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/coolmove.jpg 396w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/coolmove-150x300.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>At the top of the picture you can panels arranged in tilt racks, but at the bottom of the picture you can see half a dozen or so small arrays consisting of three solar panels each that are either at much less of an angle or mounted flat, but you can see from their shadows they are raised off the roof.\u00a0 While it can&#8217;t be seen in this picture, those panels actually shade air conditioner units and help keep them cool so they use slightly less electricity.\u00a0 While this arrangement is unlikely to be practical for most installations, it&#8217;s still an interesting use of solar panels on a flat roof.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you are checking out this article because you are planning to put solar panels on a flat roof, then odds are you&#8217;re looking to install a commercial solar system.\u00a0 While there are homes with flat roofs, they&#8217;re not nearly as common as flat business roofs.\u00a0 But whether it&#8217;s for a home or a business [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":19370,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[683,46],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19314","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-commercial-solar","category-solar-panels-2","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Do Solar Panels Installed On A Flat Roof Need Tilt Frames?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover why regular solar panels on installed on a flat roof should always be tilted to at least ten degrees.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-panels-flat-roof\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Installing Solar Panels On A Flat Roof -- All The Angles Covered\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover why regular solar panels on installed on a flat roof should always be tilted to at least ten degrees.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-panels-flat-roof\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SolarQuotes Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SolarQuotes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-02-20T06:20:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-01-02T07:27:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/02\/solar-on-a-flat-roof.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"960\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ronald Brakels\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@BrakelsRonald\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@solar_quotes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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