{"id":20255,"date":"2018-04-03T16:15:06","date_gmt":"2018-04-03T05:45:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/?p=20255"},"modified":"2024-08-06T09:15:10","modified_gmt":"2024-08-05T23:45:10","slug":"electric-cars-environment-kelly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/electric-cars-environment-kelly\/","title":{"rendered":"Craig Kelly Is Wrong: Electric Cars Are Better For The Environment Than Petrol Ones"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Craig

Craig Kelly Is Either Illiterate, Incompetent, or Machiavellian.\u00a0 But I’m pretty sure it’s the middle one.<\/p><\/div>\n

Toyota Prius Beats Nissan Leaf And Tesla S On CO2 Emissions In Australia<\/strong><\/p>\n

It has become clear to me there is some confusion over whether electric cars offer an environmental benefit in this country.\u00a0 Craig Kelly, who is an extremely honorable Member of Parliament, has told the nation they result in more greenhouse emissions than conventional petrol cars.<\/p>\n

If you are standing up while reading this you may want to sit down due to your shock when I tell you Craig Kelly is actually wrong on this.<\/p>\n

When charged from the grid an electric car will result in around half the CO2 emissions per kilometer driven than the average Australian passenger car.\u00a0 When the greater emissions resulting from its manufacture are taken into account, EVs emit around one-third less per kilometer.<\/p>\n

But at the moment what beats both<\/em> conventional petrol powered cars and electric vehicles charged from the grid is a fuel-efficient hybrid.\u00a0 Currently the most efficient model of Toyota Prius is almost certain to beat a grid charged electric car on total emissions over an average lifespan of 10+ years.\u00a0 But as Australia’s grid becomes cleaner, grid charged electric cars will eventually beat hybrids on total emissions.<\/p>\n

How Much CO2 Does A Petrol Car Emit?<\/h2>\n

According to the Department of Environment and Energy a litre of petrol contains 629 grams of carbon1<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0 When burned this will combine with 1.68 kilograms of oxygen to create 2.3 kilograms of CO2.\u00a0 While this is bad enough, it’s actually much worse because:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Small amounts of other gases that are very strong greenhouse gases are also released, such as nitrous oxide<\/a> (laughing gas) which has 300 times the warming potential of CO2.<\/li>\n
  2. Large amounts of greenhouse gases are released extracting, transporting, and refining oil.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    This study<\/a> gives a total CO2 equivalent of 3.15 kilograms of CO2 emitted per litre of petrol burned with around 81% of the emissions directly from burning the petrol, 13% from extraction and transportation, and around 6% from refining2<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

    The average Australian passenger car gets 9.1 kilometers per liter<\/a> so each kilometer results in greenhouse gases equal to 346 grams of CO2 equivalent being emitted into the atmosphere.3<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 This is mostly CO2, but the figure is bumped up slightly to account for other greenhouse gases.\u00a0 As the average Australian passenger car is driven around 14,000 kilometers a year this comes to around 4.8 tonnes of CO2 equivalent emissions per year.<\/p>\n

    Not All Petrol Powered Cars Are Equal<\/h2>\n

    The modern internal combustion engine is a miracle of engineering and is pretty much at the limit of what can be achieved without adding an extra layer of complexity and expense to what is already an extremely sophisticated machine.\u00a0 While there are always reports<\/a> of new improvements that can be made to boost efficiency, not a lot is likely to come from them because the resulting price increase means it will probably make more sense to get a hybrid or go electric4<\/a><\/sup>.<\/p>\n

    Because of this, the main way to reduce the fuel consumption of petrol powered cars is to buy a small one with low performance.\u00a0 While having a car with poor performance has little effect on our lives and is more likely to keep you out of trouble than put you in a situation where low acceleration stops you getting out of trouble, a lot of people want good performance and all electric cars capable of highway speeds (which is all of them in Australia) offer this.<\/p>\n

    So if you get a little petrol powered car like a Fiat Cabrino<\/a> it will burn less than half the petrol per kilometer of the average passenger car and only result in around 155 grams of emissions per kilometer, but regrettably it doesn’t have the size or performance most people are looking for.\u00a0 The proper comparison would be a small, poor performance hybrid or electric car, but they don’t really exist in this country.\u00a0 (The smaller and cheaper Prius C has worse fuel efficiency than the larger one.)\u00a0 But if it’s all you need, a small, low performance, petrol powered car can result in less emissions than an electric car such as the Nissan Leaf charged with today’s grid power.<\/p>\n

    How Much CO2 Does A Fuel Efficient Hybrid Emit?<\/h2>\n

    According to the Australian Government’s GreenVehicleGuide site<\/a> the most fuel-efficient model of Toyota Prius hybrid gets 29.4 kilometers per litre.<\/p>\n

    This results in only 31% as much CO25<\/a><\/sup> emissions as the average passenger car, which comes to around 107 grams per kilometer driven.\u00a0 Using the 14,000 kilometer a year average, that comes to 1.5 tonnes a year or 3.3 tonnes less than the average conventional petrol powered passenger car.<\/p>\n

    There are a number of hybrid cars in Australia but this is the most efficient one.\u00a0 Note that while the Prius does have a battery onboard, it is only charged by the petrol motor or by braking and this model is never plugged in to charge.<\/p>\n

    \"2018

    A 2018 Toyota Prius. Image: Toyota<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

    How Much CO2 Does An Electric Car Emit?<\/h2>\n

    The 2018 Nissan Leaf has a 40 kilowatt-hour battery pack.\u00a0 But not all of it is usable.\u00a0 The car will always keep some charge in the battery because being completely drained is bad for its health.\u00a0 The original Leaf battery would allow a depth of discharge of 89%<\/a>.<\/p>\n

    The Tesla S 85 kilowatt-hour battery pack is actually only an 81 kilowatt-hour battery back6<\/a><\/sup> and would only let you use around 77 of them<\/a> for a depth of discharge of 95%.\u00a0 But the newer Tesla 100 kilowatt-hour battery pack is actually 102.4 kilowatt-hours7<\/a><\/sup> and allows you to use 98.4 of them for a depth of discharge of 96%.\u00a0 I don’t know what depth of discharge the 2018 Nissan Leaf will allow but I will go with 95%.\u00a0 If you feel this is too high please feel free to fill in your own figures with a permanent marker on your screen.<\/p>\n

    According to the US EPA8<\/a><\/sup> the 2018 Leaf has a range of 243 kilometers on a single charge.\u00a0 So with 38 usable kilowatt-hours this means each kilometer driven would consume 0.16 kilowatt-hours.<\/p>\n

    \"2018

    A 2018 Nissan Leaf. Image: Nissan<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

    Battery Charging Losses<\/h2>\n

    But that’s for energy already in the battery and shoving it in there can can involve considerable losses.\u00a0 People charging an electric vehicle from a normal power point can have charging losses of 30% or more.\u00a0 When using a dedicated home charger9<\/a><\/sup> losses can be only 12%, although they are often worse.\u00a0 For now I will use a figure of 12% for charging losses and hope things improve in the future.\u00a0 (Which they should.)<\/p>\n

    This means the 2018 Nissan Leaf will need to be charged with 0.18 kilowatt-hours of electricity to drive 1 kilometer.\u00a0 On average 910 grams of CO2 are emitted for each kilowatt-hour of grid electricity consumed in Australia, according to page 74 of this report<\/a>, so each kilometer driven in the Leaf will result in approximately 164 grams of CO2 emissions when it is charged with grid electricity.\u00a0 This comes to around 2.5 tonnes less CO2 per year than the average petrol burning passenger vehicle.<\/p>\n

    Tesla S Emissions<\/h2>\n

    If you want to look at an electric sports car, while there is some variation between battery sizes, the Tesla S will result in around 182 grams of CO2 emissions per kilometer driven when charged from the grid.\u00a0 So an electric sports car only uses around 11% more energy per kilometer than the Leaf while a conventional sports car like the Ferrari 430 results in about 75% more CO2 emissions per kilometer than the average petrol powered passenger car.<\/p>\n

    \"Tesla

    My Tesla Model S (I got a good trade in on my Ferrari 430). Image: Tesla<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

    Hybrids Are Clear Winners On Emissions Per Kilometer<\/h2>\n

    When the information is put in a graph it is very easy to see that an electric car like the Leaf results in less than half the emissions of an average petrol powered car per kilometer driven when charged from the grid, while a fuel efficient hybrid results in less than one-third.<\/p>\n

    \"Comparing<\/p>\n

    Craig Kelly Clearly Either Didn’t Read Or Didn’t Understand The Study He Uses To Support His Position<\/h2>\n

    So if a Leaf only emits 47% as much CO2 per kilometer as the average passenger car when charged from the grid and a Tesla S about 53%, how did Member for Parliament Craig Kelly conclude that electric cars emit more than conventional passenger vehicles?\u00a0 He did it by including emissions that result from their manufacture.\u00a0 But he didn’t do it correctly.<\/p>\n

    On his facebook page<\/a> he wrote:<\/p>\n

    “Study after study clearly demonstrates that buying & driving an electric car in Australia actually INCREASES carbon dioxide emissions.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    And then he mentions this study<\/a>:<\/p>\n

    \"Emissions<\/p>\n

    Kelly says the study concludes:<\/p>\n

    “Greenhouse gas emissions of battery electric vehicles are 50% higher than internal combustion engine vehicles”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

    But it doesn’t conclude this at all, so Kelly either didn’t read it or he read it and didn’t understand it.\u00a0 Those are the only two options I can see unless you want to get all Machiavellian<\/span> and think he read it, understood it, and then for secret reasons of his own devising he decided to lie in order to give the impression he is either incompetent or uncomprehending.<\/p>\n

    What the study does conclude is that manufacturing an electric vehicle in China emits 50% more greenhouse gases than manufacturing an internal combustion engine vehicle.\u00a0 It’s about cradle-to-gate emissions, which means from the start of manufacture to out the factory gate.\u00a0 I can only guess that Kelly misunderstood and thought it was cradle-to-grave, which is until the vehicle gets scrapped.<\/p>\n

    The study found manufacturing an electric car resulted in around 5.1 tonnes more CO2 emissions10<\/a><\/sup> than a conventional one in China.\u00a0 Assuming the same figure applies for the Nissan Leaf manufactured in Japan, if it is charged from the grid and driven the average number of kilometers per year it will result in around 2.5 tonnes less CO2 per year than a conventional car.\u00a0 This means it will only take two years to make up for the additional emissions from its manufacture.<\/p>\n

    The average car age in Australia is 10.1 years, but if a Leaf lasts for 12 years11<\/a><\/sup>, which I don’t think is unreasonable as electric motors are far more durable than internal combustion ones, then its total cradle-to-grave emissions would be 63% that of the average petrol passenger car with the same lifespan.\u00a0 That’s more than one-third less.<\/p>\n

    I hope Kelly realizes that after a mistake of this magnitude he has to admit he was wrong, otherwise people will start to assume he doesn’t care about the truth and begin to suspect everything that comes out of his mouth.12<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

    A Cradle-To-Grave Comparison<\/h2>\n

    Unfortunately, I don’t have good figures for the additional emissions that result from producing a Prius hybrid compared to a conventional car.\u00a0 It appears Toyota hasn’t released them.\u00a0 While there will be additional emissions they should be much less than those that result from an electric car, so I’m just going to say one tonne more.\u00a0 Graphing the estimated lifetime emissions of the three vehicles gives:<\/p>\n

    \"Car<\/p>\n

    The Grid Is Getting Cleaner<\/h2>\n

    In the example above I assumed the grid will remain as dirty as it is now for 12 years but, fortunately, that is not going to be the case.\u00a0 Over the past 10 years the amount of CO2 emitted per kilowatt-hour of grid electricity consumed has fallen by around 11% and this will accelerate as Australia’s aging coal power plants are shut down and replaced with renewable energy13<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0 The next big planned closure is Liddell Power Station in 2022 and AGL is planning to mostly replace its capacity with renewables and demand management.<\/a><\/p>\n

    Batteries Will Become Cleaner<\/h2>\n

    Battery technology has come a long way over the last 10 years and while the rate of improvement may slow, it’s not about to stop.\u00a0 Battery manufacture will become more efficient over time and the energy requirements less.\u00a0 In addition, the energy used will become cleaner as more renewable capacity is added to the world’s electricity grids.\u00a0 Hybrid cars may become more efficient in the future, but there doesn’t seem to be a lot of room for further improvements.\u00a0 At least not when it comes to burning petrol.<\/p>\n

    Electric Cars Will Eventually Beat Hybrids<\/h2>\n

    For a grid charged electric car to beat a current fuel-efficient hybrid on total emissions including manufacture, the amount of CO2 emitted by grid generation would have to fall by almost half.\u00a0 If the manufacture of an electric car results in 4 tonnes more emissions than manufacturing a hybrid, then over a 12 year lifespan grid electricity emissions would have to average 54% of what they are now for a electric cars to be cleaner than hybrids.\u00a0 While I hope emissions from Australia’s electricity sector will fall by almost half within 6 years, this is not what is generally predicted.\u00a0 So it looks like a fuel efficient hybrid will beat a grid charged electric car on total emissions for years to come.<\/p>\n

    What If I Live In A State With Lots Of Renewables?<\/h2>\n

    So far I’ve assumed electric cars<\/a> will be charged with grid electricity with average CO2 emissions for Australia.\u00a0 But South Australia and Tasmania both generate huge amounts of electricity from renewables.\u00a0 In Tasmania emissions from grid electricity are less than 19% of the nation’s average.\u00a0 This makes it appear an electric car would already result in less emissions than a hybrid there, but in practice this isn’t the case.<\/p>\n

    This is because Tasmania’s grid is connected to Victoria and any clean electricity that isn’t used in state is exported to the mainland where it reduces emissions there.\u00a0 So charging your electric car in Hobart will result in greater emissions across Bass Strait.\u00a0 Because of transmission losses it will be slightly greener than charging it in Victoria, but it’s not a large difference and using a grid powered electric car in Tasmania will result in greater emissions than charging one in mostly fossil fuel powered Western Australia, which is not connected to Victoria’s extremely dirty grid.<\/p>\n

    What If I Charge My Car With Rooftop Solar?<\/h2>\n

    If you have rooftop solar at the moment then the solar electricity you export to the grid is reducing emissions from fossil fuel generation.\u00a0 If you buy an electric car and start charging it with your surplus solar electricity then it will no longer be reducing emissions and so the net effect will be no better than charging it with grid electricity.\u00a0 Technically, you will only be reducing emissions if you installed extra solar capacity that you wouldn’t have got if you hadn’t bought an electric car.<\/p>\n

    A 2018 Nissan Leaf will require around 2,500 or more kilowatt-hours to drive the annual average of 14,000 kilometers.\u00a0 For a typical Australian household this will only require around 2 kilowatts or less of north facing solar panels<\/a> or less, so if you are getting solar I suggest going big<\/a> and telling yourself those extra kilowatts are in case you get an electric car in the future.<\/p>\n

    Expanding Renewables Could Change Things Quickly<\/h2>\n

    At the moment clean renewable energy almost never goes to waste14<\/a><\/sup>.\u00a0 But this could potentially change in just a few years.\u00a0 If the new SA government<\/a> doesn’t start blocking renewables it may not be that long before before periods when there is more than enough renewable electricity generated to meet demand start to become frequent.\u00a0 If and when this starts to occur electric cars can be charged with clean power that would otherwise go to waste, lowering their average emissions per kilometer and allowing them to beat fuel-efficient hybrids on emissions sooner than in other states.<\/p>\n

    Other Environmental Considerations Besides CO2<\/h2>\n

    In addition to greenhouse gases, petrol and diesel<\/a> powered cars also spew a wide range of toxins into the air which people then suck into their lungs.\u00a0 It is estimate that vehicle pollution kills over 1,000 Australians per year.\u00a0 Last year there were under 1,300 road accident fatalities so air pollution from cars could be killing more people than car crashes and could be costing Australia over $10 billion<\/a> a year.<\/p>\n

    If we assume the amount is $10 billion, then with around 1.2 million cars sold in the country each year we could spend $8,000 ensuring each new car sold is electric and the country could still come out ahead overall on cost.15<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0 Toxic vehicle pollution would be greatly reduced if fuel-efficient hybrids were used, but would not be eliminated.<\/p>\n

    Should I Buy A Hybrid Or An Electric Car?<\/h2>\n

    If you buy a fuel-efficient hybrid you will be reducing your greenhouse gas emissions and exhaust toxins by far more than the average car buyer, so good on you.<\/p>\n

    If you buy an electric car and a couple of kilowatts of rooftop solar capacity to power it, then you can drive with no emissions per kilometer and, when driven the average amount for an Australian car, you are likely to pay off the extra emissions that result from its manufacture in a little over a year.\u00a0 Also, when you drive, your car will emit zero toxins into the air we breath and you will be saving lives, provided you run over fewer people than average.<\/p>\n

    Personally I hope you’ll take the electric car plus solar<\/a> route, but either choice is better than the traditional approach.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Toyota Prius Beats Nissan Leaf And Tesla S On CO2 Emissions In Australia It has become clear to me there is some confusion over whether electric cars offer an environmental benefit in this country.\u00a0 Craig Kelly, who is an extremely honorable Member of Parliament, has told the nation they result in more greenhouse emissions than […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":20542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[551,684],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-20255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-battery-storage","category-electric-vehicles","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nElectric Cars Are Better For The Environment Than Petrol. Here's Proof.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Craig Kelly MP has told Australians electric cars result in more greenhouse emissions than conventional petrol cars. He is wrong - here's why.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/electric-cars-environment-kelly\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Craig Kelly Is Wrong: Electric Cars Are Better For The Environment Than Petrol Ones\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Craig Kelly MP has told Australians electric cars result in more greenhouse emissions than conventional petrol cars. 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