{"id":63255,"date":"2022-07-14T12:59:57","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T02:29:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/?p=63255"},"modified":"2022-07-16T13:17:04","modified_gmt":"2022-07-16T02:47:04","slug":"solar-inverter-history","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-inverter-history\/","title":{"rendered":"Why Is It Called An Inverter? A Brief History Of Solar Inverters"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-63425\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/solar-inverter-history.jpg\" alt=\"History of solar inverters\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/solar-inverter-history.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/solar-inverter-history-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/solar-inverter-history-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/solar-inverter-history-768x403.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Over the past 100 years, many electrical and electronic devices have changed our lives and raised our living standards. One of these is the solar inverter &#8211; and in particular the grid-tied solar inverter.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>In this article, I&#8217;ll tell you about the history of this device and how it has changed over time. Along the way, we\u2019ll even find out why it is called an &#8216;inverter&#8217;.<\/p>\n<h2>Inverters Are PCE: Power Conversion Equipment<\/h2>\n<p>The modern solar inverter, in its simplest form, is a power converter. It converts DC power produced by solar panels into AC power for the appliances we use in our homes. But the first power converters did the opposite: they took AC power and converted it to DC.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_63256\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63256\" class=\"wp-image-63256 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rotary-converter.jpg\" alt=\"Westinghouse rotary converter\" width=\"640\" height=\"647\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rotary-converter.jpg 640w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rotary-converter-297x300.jpg 297w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/rotary-converter-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-63256\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">500kW Westinghouse rotary converter<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Charles S. Bradley invented the rotary converter in 1888. At the time most appliances and machinery operated on DC power, but AC transmission was quickly becoming dominant. There was a pressing need to convert the transmitted AC power into DC that the appliances could use.<\/p>\n<p>Rotary converters and also motor-generator sets did this job from the late nineteenth century until the mid-twentieth century. Now when we talk about power converters like this &#8211; that convert AC to DC &#8211; we usually just call them &#8216;rectifiers&#8217;.<\/p>\n<h2>Where Does The Name \u2018Inverter\u2019 Come From?<\/h2>\n<p>The first known use of the term \u201cinverter\u201d was in 1925 by engineer David Prince. He published an <a href=\"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/476602\">article in the GE Review<\/a> in\u00a0which he wrote:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>&#8220;the author took the rectifier circuit and inverted it, turning in direct current at one end and drawing out alternating current at the other&#8221;<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>So, a solar inverter is called an inverter because it reverses, or &#8216;inverts&#8217; a rectifier\u2019s operation.<\/p>\n<h2>From Mechanical To Electronic<\/h2>\n<p>By the 1950s inverters moved from being mechanical devices to ones with solid-state circuits. This was made possible by the dawn of a new field of engineering called &#8216;power electronics&#8217;.<\/p>\n<p>Regular electronics were dominated by the humble transistor, which had insufficient voltage and current ratings for most inverter applications. Power electronics used a type of high-power transistor called a thyristor or SCR (silicon-controlled rectifier).<\/p>\n<p>In 1953 German company Kaco manufactured the world\u2019s first thyristor inverter. Years later Kaco would go on to produce the first transformerless inverter.<\/p>\n<h2>Transformerless Inverters<\/h2>\n<p>In 1999 a handful of &#8220;idealists&#8221; clambered onto the rooftops of homes in Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg to install solar PV systems. Accompanying them was the world&#8217;s first transformerless string solar inverter, the Kaco Blue Planet PVI 2600.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_63257\" style=\"width: 904px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63257\" class=\"wp-image-63257 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/kaco-inverters.jpg\" alt=\"Kaco inverters\" width=\"894\" height=\"596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/kaco-inverters.jpg 894w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/kaco-inverters-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/kaco-inverters-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 894px) 100vw, 894px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-63257\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Solar inverter evolution: Today&#8217;s blueplanet 10.0 TL3 (left) has four times more power than the PVI 2600 20 years ago, but is the same size. <a href=\"https:\/\/kaco-newenergy.com\/fr\/actualites-et-evenements\/detail\/a-strong-partner-of-the-energiewende-for-over-two-decades2\/\"><em>Image: Kaco<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/div>\n<p>The introduction of transformerless inverters in 1999 brought with it many advantages &#8211; being more efficient, lighter and cheaper to manufacture. The main drawback however was the lack of galvanic isolation between the DC and AC circuits, which could potentially allow the passage of dangerous DC faults to the AC side.<\/p>\n<p>Galvanic isolation (provided by a transformer) separates the input and output supplies to a device so that energy flows through a field rather than via electrical connections. It enables power transfer between two circuits without being electrically connected.<\/p>\n<p>Transformerless solar inverters created more than a few headaches for electricity network providers and resulted in another rewrite for industry standards associations around the world.<\/p>\n<h2>Microinverters<\/h2>\n<p>In June 2008 Californian company Enphase introduced their first <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/inverters\/micro\/\">microinverter<\/a><sup class='endnote'><a href='https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-inverter-history\/#en-63255-1' id='enref-63255-1' onclick='return hhEndnotes_show(63255)'>1<\/a><\/sup>. It was about the size of a paperback book and was going to flip the solar industry on its head. So far that hasn\u2019t happened.<\/p>\n<p>The concept is a great idea because it sits underneath each solar panel and allows each panel in an array to operate independently of one another. In the event of one or multiple panels reducing output due to shading or failure, the rest of the array will keep chugging along nicely. This is not the case with a single series string of solar panels feeding a string inverter.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_63258\" style=\"width: 540px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-63258\" class=\"wp-image-63258 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/og-enphase.jpg\" alt=\"Original Enphase microinverter\" width=\"530\" height=\"217\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/og-enphase.jpg 530w, https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/og-enphase-300x123.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 530px) 100vw, 530px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-63258\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first Enphase Microinverter<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Other advantages are numerous. They include panel level optimisation and monitoring, safer due to lower DC voltage and no DC cabling in roof space, panels can be oriented in different directions, simpler to design, panel model agnostic, easier PV array expansion and much longer inverter warranties.<\/p>\n<p>The reason this technology hasn\u2019t taken over the world is cost. They are expensive, complex to install and may have higher maintenance costs due to the amount of hardware on the roof.<\/p>\n<p>So, microinverters vs string inverters, which is best? There\u2019s no definitive answer.<\/p>\n<h2>New Kid On The Block &#8211; Hybrid Inverters<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/battery-storage\/hybrid-inverter-comparison\/\">Hybrid inverters<\/a> have been around for a while but are starting to gain some serious attention due to the increasing uptake of home battery systems.<\/p>\n<p>These inverters are sophisticated, intelligent beasts that can simultaneously manage inputs from solar panels, a battery bank and utility grid using a technique called DC coupling (along with more than a few other bells and whistles).<\/p>\n<p>The hybrid inverter&#8217;s brain can decide where to draw energy from, when and how to do it. It can make decisions based on the price of electricity at any given time, and even draw energy from the grid to store in the battery if that\u2019s economical.<\/p>\n<p>We\u2019re likely to see more of these inverters from now on due to the growing realisation around the world of the importance of embracing technologies that will deliver net zero carbon emissions. Right now that means three things &#8211; batteries, batteries and more batteries.<\/p>\n<h2>Maximum Power Point Trackers (MPPT)<\/h2>\n<p>Arguably the holy grail of the modern PV solar inverter is the maximum power point tracker. Since 1954 when Bell Labs demonstrated the first practical silicon solar cell, researchers have been searching for the greatest efficiency available, aiming to continually improve the performance of a solar power system.<\/p>\n<p>Maximum power point tracking finds the perfect sweet spot of voltage and current to maximize energy extraction from a string of solar panels in real time as conditions vary. This is particularity important in PV systems because output power from solar cells depends on the amount of available sunlight, shading, solar panel temperature and the load&#8217;s electrical characteristics.<\/p>\n<p>All this good stuff happens inside the solar inverter so we don\u2019t have to worry about it. But if you do want to worry about it &#8211; Finn explains <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/inverters\/mppt\/\">how MPPT works here<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>MPPTs are still being developed and improved in an ongoing quest to make solar inverters as efficient as possible.<\/p>\n<h2>Mass Production Of PV Solar Inverters<\/h2>\n<p>In 1991 German company <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/inverters\/sma-review.html\">SMA<\/a> made their first solar product &#8211; the PV-WR 1800 inverter. It was a niche product and didn\u2019t exactly fly off the shelves. A few years later in 1995 the Sunny Boy 700 was produced with this sales pitch from SMA:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>\u201cThe technology, which is applied for the first time in the Sunny Boy 700, makes it much easier to install PV systems, enabling even electrical installers to assemble the systems safely.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>As an ex-solar-installer, I\u2019ll try not to take offence. Maybe such insults from SMA are the real reason <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/inverters\/fronius-review.html\">Fronius<\/a> solar inverters are so popular with installers.<\/p>\n<p>Just kidding SMA &#8211; we love you too. Especially since <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/end-zeversolar-inverters-mb1331\/\">you got rid of Zeversolar<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Related:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/inverters\/\">How To Choose A Good Solar Inverter<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/best-solar-inverters-2022\/\">The Best Solar Inverters In 2022<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Over the past 100 years, many electrical and electronic devices have changed our lives and raised our living standards. One of these is the solar inverter &#8211; and in particular the grid-tied solar inverter.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":63425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[48],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-63255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solar-inverters","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Why Is It Called An Inverter? A Brief History Of Solar Inverters<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Over the past century many electrical and electronic devices have changed our lives. One of these is the solar inverter. Discover its history.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-inverter-history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Why Is It Called An Inverter? A Brief History Of Solar Inverters\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Over the past century many electrical and electronic devices have changed our lives. One of these is the solar inverter. Discover its history.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/solar-inverter-history\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"SolarQuotes Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/SolarQuotes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-07-14T02:29:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-07-16T02:47:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.solarquotes.com.au\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/solar-inverter-history.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"630\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Kim Wainwright\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@solar_quotes\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@solar_quotes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.solarquotes.com.au\\\/blog\\\/solar-inverter-history\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.solarquotes.com.au\\\/blog\\\/solar-inverter-history\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Kim Wainwright\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.solarquotes.com.au\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9adafb58c24443f417fa424faa925d85\"},\"headline\":\"Why Is It Called An Inverter? 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He enjoys translating complex aspects of the solar industry into content that the layperson can understand and digest. He spends his time reading about renewable energy and sustainability, while simultaneously juggling teaching and performing guitar music around various parts of Australia. Read Kim's full bio.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.solarquotes.com.au\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/kimwainwright\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Why Is It Called An Inverter? A Brief History Of Solar Inverters","description":"Over the past century many electrical and electronic devices have changed our lives. One of these is the solar inverter. 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